Knowledge and Barriers to Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission Services among HIV-positive Mothers in Abuja, Nigeria: A Mixed-methods Study

Abstract

Background: Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) remains crucial for controlling pediatric HIV infection. While services are increasingly available, utilization faces multiple barriers. This study assessed HIV-positive mothers' knowledge of PMTCT and barriers to service utilization in Abuja, Nigeria.

Methods: A mixed-methods cross-sectional study was conducted among 240 HIV-positive pregnant women attending antenatal care at three hospitals in Abuja metropolis. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and focus group discussions. Stratified sampling selected facilities, while participants were randomly chosen. Analysis used SPSS version 24 for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data.

Results: Most participants (65.0%) demonstrated good PMTCT knowledge. Major barriers included requiring spousal permission (82.6%), stigmatization fears (77.9%), uncomfortable hospital environments (78.6%), and poor healthcare worker attitudes (88.5%). Focus group discussions revealed significant challenges with partner notification and infant feeding choices due to HIV status non-disclosure. Social and financial barriers showed significant correlation (p<0.001).

Conclusion: While PMTCT knowledge was relatively high, multiple socio-cultural, institutional, and economic barriers impede service utilization. Interventions should address healthcare worker attitudes, partner involvement, and stigma reduction while improving facility conditions.